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Tropical Fruit => Tropical Fruit Discussion => Topic started by: JF on April 10, 2012, 12:10:37 AM

Title: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: JF on April 10, 2012, 12:10:37 AM
JF, there is good info on this book. Maybe we can use the most effective method to graft our Mameys according to the book. Nice find murahilin.

I read capitulo nueve *propagacion vegetativa* that's interesting stuff but Greg got great instructions from Frankies on how to graft a Mamey. I believe both seedlings he grafted are pushing so I'm going to stick with Frankies instructions.

JF

Mod edit: Original Post with Pouteria book http://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=428.0 (http://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=428.0)
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: murahilin on April 11, 2012, 09:20:37 AM
I read capitulo nueve *propagacion vegetativa* that's interesting stuff but Greg got great instructions from Frankies on how to graft a Mamey. I believe both seedlings he grafted are pushing so I'm going to stick with Frankies instructions.

JF

Are the instructions from Frankies in a post on the forum somewhere? Could you possibly post them here or link to the post with the info? Thanks!
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: samuel on May 07, 2012, 02:50:16 PM
I would like too...hearing about those grafting instructions of the king mamey...for now will check "capitulo nueve *propagacion vegetativa*" and see if i can understand anything...
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: murahilin on May 22, 2012, 09:03:02 PM
capitulo nueve *propagacion vegetativa = Chapter 9 "Vegetative Propagation"

Care to translate the rest of the pages on vegetative propagation?
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: adiel on May 23, 2012, 07:54:49 AM
Gentlemen, Page 9:

5.2 Vegetative Propagation (Asexual Reproduction)

- It is not recommended to use Air Layers or Cuttings.  Tissue propagation has been studied in several laboratories without success in the production of new plants.

- See technical note number 4 on Part II

Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: adiel on May 23, 2012, 08:32:20 AM
5.2.1 Propagation by Grafting

It is the recommended method for vegetative propagation.  Some methods of grafting are:  Approach Graft, Cleft Graft, Bud Graft and  Four Flap Grafting.  The technique that has demonstrated to be most effective for the three species of Pouteria is the Veneer Graft.  It will be discussed in the following section with emphasis on the Mamey Sapote.

Preliminary Considerations
- The success in graft "take" depends primarily in the compatibility of the rootstock, the scion (part of the tree with characteristics desirable for grafting) and the physiological state of the scion.  For Pouteria Sapota, green sapote (Pouteria Viridis) can be used as rootstock and vice-versa.
- It is convenient to obtain the scion from the tree when it reaches a 75-90% defoliation. (Fig 3)  They should be closed and puffy, totally defoliated (without leaves).  With this method, a 80-90% graft take is obtained.  This compares with only 40% graft take if the scion are prepared with young leaves.
- The scion should have a diameter from 1/2" to 3/4" and a length of 4 1/2" to 6".  They should have 10-12 lateral buds.  They should also be used as soon as possible because the graft "take" percentage reduces from 80% to 30% after 7 days.  It is recommend to store the scions wrapped in humid paper inside plastic bags at 41F.
- The rootstock should have at least 3/4" diameter and 12" in height at the time of grafting.  This is approximately 10 months after planting the seedlings.

Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: adiel on May 23, 2012, 08:53:03 AM
Description of the "Veneer Graft" technique
- The graft should be done at a height of 9 or 10 inches from the base of the rootstock.  The cut into the rootstock should not penetrate more than 0.08" into the tree.  It should go down 2.75" to 3 1/2".  Leave about 1/2" of bark at the end of the cut.  This will be used to insert the end of the scion for support. (Fig. 4)
- A similar cut is done on the bottom of the scion to match the cut done on the rootstock. (Fig 5 and 6)
- The rootstock and scion are held together with the use of grafting tape making sure to match the cuts on the rootstock and the scion. (Fig 6 and 7).  Apply liquid parafilm with a brush to avoid the entry of water.
- The day of the grafting remove 4" of the top of the rootstock.  The new scion buds will be seen 20 days after the graft (Fig. 8 ).  Another cut is done on the top of the rootstock when the scion has grown 2" (Fig. 9).  Finally, when the scion has reached 4", a final cut is done to remove the remaining part of the protruding rootstock portion. (Fig. 10) (Umaņa, 2000)
- The best season in Central America and Mexico for grafting the mamey is from March to April. (Dry Season)
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: adiel on May 23, 2012, 09:03:32 AM
5.2.2 Establishment in the field (Transplant)

- See technical note 5 in part 2
- Tree will be ready for planting in 12 weeks after grafting.  At this point remove the grafting tape.
- The best time for planting is in the beginning of the wet season, or at any time if watering will be provided.  It is recommend to plant in flat areas with good drainage and without strong winds.
- At the time of planting, eliminate the pot (or the bag) without harming the roots.
- The distances to plant the trees depends on the fertility of the soil and on the growth form and habit of the tree in that area. (16' to 32' in area with same type of tree)
- It is recommended that the planting hole be 1.6' filled with a mix of rich organic matter and nutrients.
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Guanabanus on May 23, 2012, 09:51:37 AM
It is preferable to use the scion wood the same day or following day.  It is important to keep it moist, from the moment it is cut off the tree, but I would avoid the above refrigeration procedure, unless I were desperate to hold the scion wood for several days.
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: adiel on May 23, 2012, 10:01:26 AM
I forgot to mention, the above is the translation from the article requested.   It does not necessarily reflect best practices or new findings.

Thank You,
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Felipe on May 23, 2012, 04:06:23 PM
It is preferable to use the scion wood the same day or following day.  It is important to keep it moist, from the moment it is cut off the tree, but I would avoid the above refrigeration procedure, unless I were desperate to hold the scion wood for several days.

I can second that. If the scions are fresh, you can have high grafting success, but if not hardly any graft will take. The same with green sapote. I ordered for a (very skilled) friend on Canary Islands 16 scions of Makawao from Oscar. So far only one has taken (maybe 1-2 more could also take)...

 
(http://s7.postimage.org/czj68p1wn/IMG_7218.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/czj68p1wn/)

(http://s7.postimage.org/yn84j52av/IMG_7217.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/yn84j52av/)
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: siafu on May 24, 2012, 11:47:41 AM

Great news. One is better than none.

How about the sapodilla grafts. Did any of those take?
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Felipe on May 24, 2012, 01:20:12 PM
Sergio,

at the end only one Excalibur took, see attached the picture. Meanwhile from another source they got Alano.

(http://s14.postimage.org/mtxyj3la5/IMG_7220.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/mtxyj3la5/)

(http://s14.postimage.org/qetu2bptp/IMG_7219.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/qetu2bptp/)

On the other hand I'm growing and unknown thai cultivar which is highly productive. I bought this airlayer from a german webstore..

(http://s15.postimage.org/x7pll59cn/IMG_7091_Manilkara_zapota.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/x7pll59cn/)

Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: siafu on May 24, 2012, 02:40:34 PM

 Hi,

 It could be worse. Two named cultivars closer to home, it's better than none.
 Hopefully it won't take long before they enter circulation.

 In the mean time, my 3 seedlings are about 9 years old and show no sign of flowers.
 I think it would help if I could show them the link to a nursery with their prospective
 replacements...   ;D ;D ;D
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Felipe on May 24, 2012, 02:58:09 PM
Yes Sergio, show them the pics... LOL

It seems you have to graft most sapotaceas, at least what I have seen in mamey and sapodilla. The genetic variation concerning production in seedlings is very high. For example, there is an orchad next to mine with 15-20 year old sapodillas and mamey. Two weeks ago one sapodilla tree was loaded with fruits, while the other three trees zero. The same with the seedling mamey trees in this orchad.

(http://s8.postimage.org/5168p9ypd/IMG_7115.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/5168p9ypd/)

(http://s8.postimage.org/pml0h6ga9/IMG_7108.jpg) (http://postimage.org/image/pml0h6ga9/)

BTW, we will be trying to get more cultivars. My theory is that winter was a bad season for grafting those tropicals. I'm convinced that doing the same thing in summer would lead to a higher grafting success. In fact recently we had a heat wave with over 40 degrees celsius for a few days. It was a pain for the avocados, but the heat made most tropicals grow faster :)
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: siafu on May 24, 2012, 05:55:27 PM
 I do hope you/they continue the excellent work that is being done in the Canaries regarding
 exotic fruits. You do have great conditions for these under explored fruits.

 If next year you give them a visit, I would love to accompany you. Maybe Steven Silva  would go too.
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Jackfruitwhisperer69 on May 25, 2012, 01:04:18 PM

 I do hope you/they continue the excellent work that is being done in the Canaries regarding
 exotic fruits. You do have great conditions for these under explored fruits.

 If next year you given them a visit, I would love to accompany you. Maybe Steven Silva  woud go too.

Hi Sergio,
Count me in ;D ;D ;D
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Felipe on May 25, 2012, 03:34:55 PM
Would be awesome, guys! I think by the end of summer would be the best time, because then we would get to try most types of fruit ;)
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Felipe on May 29, 2012, 09:38:06 AM
Very nice job! Please keep us updated  ;)
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: samuel on May 29, 2012, 01:26:50 PM
excellent!

i wish i had some more "mamey material" to work out my mamey's and green sapote grafting skills...will have to wait some more time tough...time for the mother trees to grow qo that i can collect bud wood on them, and time for the rootstocks to grow!

i can still practice with others sapotaceae ie chikoo and canistel which to me require the same techniques for grafting. Tell me if i am wrong.

Did you use some kind of grafting wax to seal the graft? it seems like i can suppose something from the pics...

Can you tell me about the difference between forkert method and the traditional veneer graft?

thanks for sharing!

Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: samuel on May 29, 2012, 11:50:52 PM
thanks for the details enduser
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: fruitlovers on May 30, 2012, 04:18:48 AM
Exciting day for the green sapote! Good luck Enduser with your grafts. Hope they both take. Let us know.
Title: Re: Grafting Mamey (Pouteria sapota)
Post by: Guanabanus on May 30, 2012, 10:35:47 PM
Enduser,
Thank you for the description of the Forkert technique.  I have never used that.