Carabao is the Filipino word for water buffalo in Thai now as "kwai", but Carabao is somewhat a known Thai word, because of a Thai rock band that name themselves Carabao after living in the Philippines.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabao_(band) However I still very much doubt that any Thai people call this fruit by 'Gluay Nom Carabao' because the name of the fruit existed before the band.
gluay - กล้วย - is a Thai Homophones, meaning both orchid and banana, seeing as how the vine produced beautiful flowers I considered one translation orchid, but now after reading much more, especially translations as Civet Banana, I believe Thai refer to banana.
nom นม - also a homophone meaning both milk/breast/udder, but I think referring to udder, or what do you call a cats breast? maybe breast is the best translation.
now the last word after "Gluay Nom" is where get a quite bit of variations -
In Thai Grandiflora and Rufa is used interchangeably with all of these names, and then there are many more names especially from NE and N dialects.
กล้วยนมควาย - Water Buffalo Breast Banana
กล้วยนมวัว - Cow Breast Banana
กล้วยหมูสัง - Civet Banana
so I would not trust any scientific naming, also a third one just saw a name for
กล้วยนมช้าง -
https://www.technologychaoban.com/bullet-news-today/article_4280Uvaria cordata (Dunal) Alston
All I can say for certain, is that in Southern Dialect 'wua' (cow) refer to Grandiflora, and Meaow (cat) refer to Rufa. Chang (elephant) just read about online, don't think the south has.