I saw this happen, in an orchard, when the roots were disturbed by a tractor, and on a patio, when roots growing through the bottom of a pot were severed.
Unfortunately, I don't know of a quick fix, right now, but other people might wait for dormancy, before transplanting.
Roots seem to feed different stems, on shrubbier forms, imho. I feel as though some stems suffered, but others did not.
I have tried to propagate figs, using only the nicest and most beautiful wood. It will always die, above the ground. But, several suckers will replace each stem, from underneath. If you have this disturbed plant, under ideal conditions, more sprouts may eventually find their way to the top, but I would expect the portions, which have gone into shock, will become brittle, if I think of this as one big fig cutting.