Probably not too much, I would think.
I grafted a low chill cherry onto a regular cherry (in zone 10 where cherry trees do not do well), and the top part all easily came out of dormancy with vigorous growth, but the regular cherry did not seem that much changed from how it behaved before, so obviously the top graft was not so much effecting the tree below.
What the trifoliata rootstock does do is help force the top scion into dormancy. (Although from what I've observed, that does not necessarily mean leaf loss)
But the answer is a little complicated. You ask does trifoliata rootstock affect things, but what are you comparing it to?
Most nursery citrus trees are grafted onto trifoliata rootstock, or trifoliata hybrid rootstock.
Rootstock that has a dwarfing effect (that's usually the point) induces trees to flower and fruit earlier in their lifetime, and that probably also means flowering a little earlier in the season, during the early part of their lifespan.