I've watched about 1/2 dozen of my neighbors' mango trees go from healthy and vigorous to declining and eventually dead due to what I believe was a copper deficiency. There is a particular location around the perimeter of our canal where copper seems to be deficient in the soil. I think the trees grow and thrive while there is a sufficient amount of copper, but once it's been exhausted, the trees just decline and die within about a 3 year period. I was able to save one of them with repeated applications of copper (the only one I caught in time and which was easy for me to treat given its proximity to my property). To those of us who know how robust mango trees are, it's quite a shock to see a mango tree die due to nutrient deficiency -- some as large as 15 feet tall.
I've also observed some differences in reaction to cold in trees which are sensitive to it, namely soursop, due to being well fed with potassium (that's my theory anyway). The cold of early spring / late winter 2017 completely defoliated the soursop trees in my area, with the exception of the three on my property, which were fed heavily with potassium and which looked quite well following the cold event. I don't believe it to be the result of other factors (ie, protection from cold, cultivar, etc). One tree, a "sweet" type from Jamaica was totally unprotected, while the mother tree it came from was well a mere 10 feet behind a north facing wind break. The mother tree was not fertilized and looked horrible following the cold event. My unprotected but heavily fertilized tree looked unfazed.
Granted, the above are mere anecdotes, but they do point towards the potential of stress resistance based on mineralization as you've suggested.
A long-running debate in agriculture has been whether well-mineraled plant tissue is more resistant to disease. Results trials are often not clear-cut.
I favor the claim that improved fertilization, including with Calcium and Silicates and Copper, etc, somewhat improve resistance to disease. This is something that homeowners are more economically able to attempt with their few trees, than grove owners would be interested in on the massive scale of imputs that they have to provide, to get enough pounds of production to pay all the bills.
