The Tropical Fruit Forum
Citrus => Citrus General Discussion => Topic started by: Sylvain on November 06, 2018, 07:45:54 AM
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A new search for Citrus Pages:
A lemon from Bangladesh called "Jara lebu" wich means Jara lemon. We are looking for any information and mainly it's place in the classification.
« Helo,
Thanks for your website I have been using a lot.
I wonder if you can help to identify a citrus.
It is popular in Bangladesh and they call it jara lebu.
As for the scientific name I haven't found much information regarding it and what I found seems to be contradictory.
It is sold green and ripens to lemon yellow in storage. It has a very strong scent of maybe lemon and lime combined with cloves. One of these fruits perfume a room for days.
The pulp is rather dry, and the juice is like very sour lemon.
Please find some pictures attached.
Kind regards, »
(http://pafranceparamoteur.free.fr/datas/perso/Agrumes/Jara%20lebu/Jara%20lebu%201.jpg)
(http://pafranceparamoteur.free.fr/datas/perso/Agrumes/Jara%20lebu/Jara%20lebu%202.jpg)
(http://pafranceparamoteur.free.fr/datas/perso/Agrumes/Jara%20lebu/Jara%20lebu%203.jpg)


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Looks like it might be related to kaffir lime.
You might look up Citrus macroptera.
subvariety annamensis
https://www.kaveyeats.com/2011/02/bangladeshi-shatkora-citrus-candied.html (https://www.kaveyeats.com/2011/02/bangladeshi-shatkora-citrus-candied.html)
A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis known as 'Sat Kara', is grown primarily in the Sylhet division of northeastern Bangladesh where it is called "hatkora" or "shatkora"
http://truelybangladesh.blogspot.com/2013/03/shatkora-popular-recipe.html?m=1 (http://truelybangladesh.blogspot.com/2013/03/shatkora-popular-recipe.html?m=1)
The oils in the peels are very fragrant and exported for use in perfume.
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One more thing, I'm not sure how hardy "Jara lemon" is specifically, but kaffir lime is a lot hardier than regular limes and can grow in zone 9.
(kaffir lime is not a true lime, kaffir is descended from the species C. latipes whereas limes are descended from the species C. micrantha, although both species are classified under papedas. In the specific case of "Jara lemon" it seems its genetic composition is probably a mix of sour orange and C. hystrix, or perhaps from C. latipes more directly.)
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(https://i.postimg.cc/0rdR4p7y/Jara-lebu.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/0rdR4p7y)
To me it looks closer to citrus medica than citrus limon, or citrus latifolia etc. I put it in group citrus limonimedica.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekthb_gjf3k (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekthb_gjf3k)
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SoCal2warm, everything you said is wrong. Do you even know what macroptera means? Very winged petiole.
As the pictures and movies show, the leaves are like lemon/citron. so it cannot be kaffir lime, or macroptera!
Citrus Pages is a serious site. I don't look for answers like "it might be", "it seems", "is probably", "or perhaps".
My question is: Is there someone who knows the classification of Jara lebu?
We usually use the petiole to differentiate lemons and citrons. Lemons leaves are articulated, citrons leaves are not.
On the pictures and videos it seams the leaves are not articulated but it is hard to be sure.
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SoCal2warm, everything you said is wrong.
Really? Did you see those two links I provided?
Citrus Pages is a serious site. I don't look for answers like "it might be", "it seems", "is probably", "or perhaps".
My question is: Is there someone who knows the classification of Jara lebu?
You obviously did not bother to look up the English Wikipedia entry on it.
Do you even know what macroptera means? Very winged petiole.
As the pictures and movies show, the leaves are like lemon/citron. so it cannot be kaffir lime, or macroptera!
We usually use the petiole to differentiate lemons and citrons. Lemons leaves are articulated, citrons leaves are not.
On the pictures and videos it seams the leaves are not articulated but it is hard to be sure.
Actual morphological traits are not necessarily always connected to the name in specific instances.
Jara lemon may very likely have some citron ancestry in it as well. It's not uncommon for such mixture to exist. (for example, Key lime has both citron and C. micrantha ancestry)
That could very likely explain why this variant of "C. macroptera" does not display winged petioles.
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Leaves tell more,it is either citrus medica, or citrus medica hybrid like this one:
https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/indian138a.html (https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/indian138a.html)
Sylvain, according this paper, it is CITRUS MEDICA
https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/viewFile/35078/23672 (https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/viewFile/35078/23672)
according this it is CITRUS PENNIVESICULATA, but it is not likely.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiwk-ComsXeAhUGKlAKHej4CAM4ChAWMAB6BAgJEAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdae.portal.gov.bd%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fdae.portal.gov.bd%2Fpage%2F902599be_5f17_4c92_9a29_676fd187c1cc%2FPest%2520risk%2520analysis%2520for%2520citrus%2520presentation%2520Final.ppsx&usg=AOvVaw3B8Qa8DmTOjVfk2-FYSDcI (http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiwk-ComsXeAhUGKlAKHej4CAM4ChAWMAB6BAgJEAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdae.portal.gov.bd%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fdae.portal.gov.bd%2Fpage%2F902599be_5f17_4c92_9a29_676fd187c1cc%2FPest%2520risk%2520analysis%2520for%2520citrus%2520presentation%2520Final.ppsx&usg=AOvVaw3B8Qa8DmTOjVfk2-FYSDcI)
(https://i.postimg.cc/jWYdgQnc/Nov-bitov-mapa.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/jWYdgQnc)
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This paper refers to it as Citrus macroptera var. anammensis
https://web.archive.org/web/20110725041647/http://baptcb.org/ptc/Full_article/ptc12_2_10.pdf (https://web.archive.org/web/20110725041647/http://baptcb.org/ptc/Full_article/ptc12_2_10.pdf)
I would probably classify it as a hybrid between the C. medica and C. hystrix groups, and if it was in fact derived from the variety C. macroptera, likely some C. aurantium as well (but I wouldn't use that for broad categorization purposes).
If you look at other pictures of "Jara lemon" fruits you can definitely see a resemblance to kaffir lime (bumpy skin and green).
Many citron varieties can of course also be bumpy, but doesn't look like they are quite as bumpy as a Jara lemon.
Kaffir limes are similar to Jara lemons in that inside flesh of the fruits are not valued because the flavor is not as good, and they are more valued for their rinds.
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Hi,
I am the one originally tried to identify this citrus.
I find this research and debate very interesting, thanks everyone. I am following it but cannot add too much valuable information as I dont know much about citrus taxonomy.
Just some observations regarding the names “jara lebu”, “shatkora” and its variants... it seems to me that they are broader names and often used interchangeably.
We have two Bangladeshi shops selling it nearby and in one of them they call it “jara lebu” and in the other one they call it “shatkora”. At same time I found in freezer a different citrus, named shatkora too, i will attach pictures of that fruit. I understand this rounded, smooth skinned fruit is used as cooking vegetable in currys.
(https://i.postimg.cc/9zycdgJk/107-D1-F75-4-BB9-4-FDC-842-D-4-A5-C8-D3860-F0.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/9zycdgJk)
(https://i.postimg.cc/7fDwm1RZ/1968-EBC0-DBAF-4-BB9-8-D2-D-2-BFF6254-B149.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/7fDwm1RZ)
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Here are the leaves of what I believe is Citrus macroptera (dark green) and leaves of Kaffier lime..
(https://i.postimg.cc/YLzfdFsb/DSC-0438.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/YLzfdFsb)
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It is not Pennivesiculata, I know this fruit.
Shatkora (sat kara) is C. macroptera var. anammensis.
Lebmung, your macroptera is probably a hybrid because the wings seem too small.
From here: https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/indian138a.html (https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/indian138a.html)
And here: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/viewFile/35078/23672 (https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/viewFile/35078/23672)
It is C. medica (99%), to reach 100% I would like to see a petiole on a good picture.
Thank you Radoslav.
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Here are the leaves of what I believe is Citrus macroptera (dark green) and leaves of Kaffier lime..
That variety of C. macroptera you have obviously has a pronounced winged petiole, although not as much as kaffir lime.
If it doesn't come from a relation to kaffir lime, one wonders where it came from.
Obviously Jara lemon is only one subvariety of C. macroptera, and at this point I'm thinking it may have originated from a hybrid between C. macroptera and C. medica, although that is speculative. I don't think the C. macroptera you have is Jara lemon.
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Lebmung, your macroptera is probably a hybrid because the wings seem too small.
If it was grown from a seedling and C. macroptera is not a real species, then that may just be normal variation.
I suspect C. macroptera (the general variety, not Jara lemon) may be a kaffir lime x sour orange hybrid, or something along those lines.
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New pictures.
The box in the shop says C. pennivesiculata it does contradict the other reliable looking sorce that named it C. medica earlier (https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/viewFile/35078/23672 (https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/viewFile/35078/23672)).
The fruits are of various sizes and shapes, however the bigest ones here are just below 15 cm length.
Most of the are seedless. Some of them have aborted looking seeds and from many I had a fruit with many undeveloped and two viable looking seeds.
A question, are these bruises on the fruits canker?
(https://i.postimg.cc/HjqvtCpC/0399698-C-E33-B-46-C7-8-D22-FDDFD9-C3-D219.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/HjqvtCpC)
(https://i.postimg.cc/crf995Ht/12-BC757-B-25-E8-468-E-B1-E4-9-E46-E5-E09975.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/crf995Ht)
(https://i.postimg.cc/yWttrZyt/7-FB6-E976-6-FD0-4010-8113-253396-E94-ACD.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/yWttrZyt)
(https://i.postimg.cc/y3ZQzLy5/D719-A267-CA7-B-43-E9-AF14-7-FF98-D8-AAC61.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/y3ZQzLy5)
(https://i.postimg.cc/qN0m9Xhb/EA33-EFAB-38-FC-45-EF-A2-FB-75-C917-ECC877.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/qN0m9Xhb)
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Just for the knowledge, this is the leaves of a Macroptera growing wild in the forest of Papua-New guinea:
(http://pafranceparamoteur.free.fr/datas/perso/Agrumes/Le%20journal/MiaRiver-6.jpg)
And its fruit:
(http://pafranceparamoteur.free.fr/datas/perso/Agrumes/Le%20journal/MiaRiver-8.jpg)
From http://busmuli.chez.com/sections.php?choice_user_language=english&op=viewarticle&artid=3&page=%5Bpage21%5D (http://busmuli.chez.com/sections.php?choice_user_language=english&op=viewarticle&artid=3&page=%5Bpage21%5D)
Knowing that there are great variations in what we call C. Macroptera.
> A question, are these bruises on the fruits canker?
No, they just made a long travel.
> The fruits are of various sizes and shapes, however the biggest ones here are just below 15 cm length.
Yes this is something to clear. Some are much bigger. Are they from another variety?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftJM-VAOkZ0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftJM-VAOkZ0)
At the very beginning he says the name but I don't catch it.
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Market with Jara lebu and sat kora lebu. English subtitl.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBAZbkQ7SjM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBAZbkQ7SjM)
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I wonder if this could be in any way related to Gondhoraj lebu (Aroma King lemon).
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/gondhoraj-lebu-bengali-restaurateurs-using-aromatic-lime-in-new-dishes/articleshow/19533463.cms (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/gondhoraj-lebu-bengali-restaurateurs-using-aromatic-lime-in-new-dishes/articleshow/19533463.cms)
https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-gondhoraj-lebu-a-lime-sublime-2235215 (https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-gondhoraj-lebu-a-lime-sublime-2235215)
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not sure if this may be of any relevance:
After studying Citrus macroptera and other members of the subgenus Papeda and observing the hybrids between them and species of the subgenus Citrus that are common in the Philippines, Swingle became convinced that a hybrid such as Tanaka thought his Citrus polyandra to be (Citrus macroptera X C. medica) could not possibly show a wingless petiole, even though one supposed parent, the citron, has an almost completely wingless petiole, because the other supposed parent, C. macroptera, has a very long, very broadly winged petiole (certainly the largest petiole to be found in Citrus).
https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/clymenia.html
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No, not relevant. Cymenia is that:
(http://pafranceparamoteur.free.fr/datas/perso/Agrumes/Le%20journal/Clymenia-7.jpg)
From http://busmuli.chez.com/sections.php?choice_user_language=english&op=viewarticle&artid=3&page=[page19] (http://busmuli.chez.com/sections.php?choice_user_language=english&op=viewarticle&artid=3&page=%5Bpage19%5D)
And it is not Citrus macroptera X C. medica at all!
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Here is a papeda citrus - left-(I presume Macroptera used as a root stock in Thailand) and a mature kaffier lime - right. You can see the foliage difference, maybe this can help.
(https://i.postimg.cc/VJ1wGPpk/DSC-0438.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/VJ1wGPpk)
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<Yes this is something to clear. Some are much bigger. Are they from another variety?>
All the pictures I made are from same box in the shop, they are called Jara Lebu on display, but the name on the unopened cardboard box “Zana lebu” and the latin name given as C. Pennivesiculata. At the other shop they called this same fruit shatkora confidently...
What I am more and more suspicious is that these names are not specific...
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Zara (not Zana) lebu is synonyme of Jara lebu.
C. Pennivesiculata is wrong for sure and Shatkora is C. macroptera.
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The fruit has similar shape and characteristics to the Merdeka lime; the taste of the juice is acidic has some bitterness, the fragrance fills the room as soon as the peel is scraped or cut and is definitely amazing compard to limes and lemons similarly as described at the entry for Merdeka lime. The seediness is also similar.
http://citruspages.free.fr/limes.html#assamensis (http://citruspages.free.fr/limes.html#assamensis)
“‘Merdeka’ lime might not look much different from the Kaffir lime but peeling off the rind will fill a whole house with its freshening fragrance. The fruit has a firm pulp but a slightly bitter taste. Some fruits are completely seedless but some have a few seeds in them. The leaves are naturally glossy and have a strong citric aroma. They can be crushed and kept in an airtight bottle. Add boiling water to 1 teaspoon of these dried leaves and you will have a nice cup of tea with a strong lime aroma. The fragrance of the leaves and rind oil are definitely amazing in comparison with other limes and lemons....”
The leaves and the shape of the trees looks different:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh5-2-fT6Tc (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh5-2-fT6Tc)
Can Jara lebu be of hystrix and medica descent? That would explain the similarities with kaffer lime and Merdeka lime and also the varying fruit shapes (roundish and bumby, roundish and smooth, citron shaped and smoother and citron/lemon shaped amd bumby like kaffer lime)? Also the wingless petiole could come from medica?
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> The fruit has similar shape and characteristics to the Merdeka lime.
Merdeka is a recent man made variety. Jara lebu is a local variety that has been here (on earth) forever.
They look similar but it is what we call a convergence. Like dolphin and shark that have no genetic relation.
> Can Jara lebu be of hystrix and medica descent?
A hybrid of Histrix, no. A hybrid of Medica it is an evidence. It can even be a pure C. Medica.
We must not forget that Assam valley and Bangladesh are the place of origin of C. Medica (and many other citrus).
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Interesting article about citrus indica, c. latipes and mactoptera.
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/33568/1/IJTK%2015%281%29%20121-127.pdf (http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/33568/1/IJTK%2015%281%29%20121-127.pdf)
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Here's a picture of the leaves of Citrus macroptera:
(https://i.postimg.cc/7GPBgLrh/JEvQBd.jpg) (https://postimg.cc/7GPBgLrh)
The winged petioles are so large they almost look like those of Ichang papeda.