Plant carambola , loquat now for payback later
Miami Herald, The (FL) - Sunday, March 7, 2010
Author: BRUCE W. GREER Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
BY BRUCE W. GREER Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
March should be a gloriously delicious month in your garden and provide a chance to prepare for years of benefits. Temperatures will be moderate, winds gentle and it will be relatively dry.
This means that the herbs you planted in the fall are coming to maturity and you will be picking basil, thyme, oregano, dill and others from now until rains start at the end of May.
If you planted vegetables from October through January, you will have enough cherry tomatoes, lettuce, peppers, radishes and carrots to make a salad every day, providing the maximum benefit of vitamins and minerals.
But if you were unable to plant vegetables in the cooler fall weather, you could get creative now and find a spot where they will prosper in the hot weather that is just around the corner. A very light shade from a large oak or a location with only morning sun might allow you to squeeze in one more vegetable crop this season.
You might find it more pleasing and ultimately rewarding to put your efforts this month into planting a few good fruit trees. Here are two fruits that children love to eat right off the tree. And let's be honest, when it comes to tropical fruit, we all are children.
The star fruit or carambola (Averrhoa carambola ) is a great choice for your garden. It is a yellow translucent waxy fruit about three to six inches long and is star shaped when cut. It is believed to be from Asia, where it has been cultivated for centuries. While it can easily grow to a dense 20-foot canopy, it can be kept as a small symmetrical tree and will bear heavily with very juicy fruit high in vitamin C.
Carambola seedlings have been grown in South Florida for almost a century. You may want to enter the Fruit Lottery and try to find a one-in-a-million new seedling variety. However, if you decide to purchase a grafted variety, you will be assured to get the sweetness you desire.
A local homeowner, Morris Arkin, took that chance for you in the early 1970s. He grew a seedling in his backyard that was so large and delicious it was subsequently named the Arkin. It is now the most popular variety available. Arkin fruit are bright yellow, juicy, sweet and store well. However, if you have space for two trees or prefer a milder taste, the Fwang Tung is a Thai cultivar that is light yellow -- almost white -- and more delicate.
Carambola trees prefer a slightly acidic soil. In South Florida, they benefit from hearty mulching out to the drip line. Pine bark or oak leaves will acidify the surrounding soil just enough to allow you to grow your tree organically.
You should expect heavy crops to give you more than enough fruit to eat fresh, plus enough to make jellies and refreshing juices. A well-grown tree should provide two or more crops a year, with the summer crop being a little sweeter and more prolific.
The loquat or Japanese plum (Eriobotrya japonica) is a great tree for every garden. It can be espaliered flat against a wall to grow in a narrow space, pruned low and artistically as is done in Asia, or you can let it naturally become a dense shade tree about 25 feet tall and 20 feet wide.
It will grow in most soils in South Florida and is salt tolerant. The loquat likes reasonable moisture to produce best, so mulch of its own leaves or other leaves in the vicinity will keep its feeder roots happy.
Loquats yield large crops of sweet-to-tart, yellow-to-orange, one-inch in diameter fruit that are great eaten out-of-hand or used in pies, preserves or other recipes.
You can purchase a seedling that can vary in size, color, taste and bearing. Or you might look for a named grafted variety so you can easily know what your fruit will be and when you can pick it.
There are different cultivars or varieties that fruit at different times from December through April. "Christmas" bears very early in the season as its name implies. "Bradenton" is a midseason cultivar for February, and both are recommended for a home garden.
Some fruit will be susceptible to the Caribbean fruit fly, but these two varieties produce early and will provide more fruit than you need.
Loquat wood is soft and, therefore, pruning is very easy. You can keep the tree at less than 10 feet and pick all the fruit you want by hand. If you want very large fruit, simply thin out the crop when the fruit first appear, and the remainder will have the energy to grow larger.
When that old farmer said to "plant what pays you back," he probably had the loquat and carambola crops in mind. Take a little time to plant these two trees in the mild March weather and they will pay you back with fruit for many years to come.
For more information on tropical fruit and other garden subjects and activities, go to
www.fairchildgarden.org.
Bruce W. Greer is president of Fairchild's Board of Trustees and a lifelong gardener.