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« on: February 13, 2012, 04:51:28 PM »
Planting instructions should be site and species specific, all too often nurseries give very general planting instructions which may not work for all situations. Most tropical and subtropical fruit trees require full sun and good drainage so know your property. If you know you have very poor draining soil, you may want to install drains to prevent your trees from getting waterlogged. The South facing area of your yard typically gets the most sunlight. Exceptions are if there is a large tree on an adjacent property or on public land that casts a shadow over your south facing property. Most of us know already that fruit trees with the most sunlight will likely grow faster, produce more and sweeter fruit and will likely have less frost/freeze damage. A little planning makes all the difference.
Plan on planting your shorter trees in the front and your larger trees in the back(South to North), this way, as the trees grow, the shorter trees will shade adjacent trees much less than if you were to plant the larger trees in front of the smaller trees. You generally also want to plant your shorter to taller trees from East to West. Take into consideration the final size of your trees and not what size they are at now. In some instances, you may want to plant your larger trees in front of your smaller trees, say you wanted to plant a windbreak for instance.
I have had many discussions with local growers regarding whether it is better to backfill holes with native soil only or to amend the soil and have come to the conclusion that is is site and variety specific.
For planting tropical and sub-tropical fruit trees in the San Diego area where our soil is typically poor draining, hard with lots of clay, here is how I generally plant my trees:
Water your trees very well several days prior to planting in the ground, I like to give my plants very dilute feeding with B-1 even prior to transplanting. If your plants were in a protected area or in a greenhouse, you should acclimate it to the outside conditions about a month or so prior to transplanting into the ground.
Try to dig a hole about 3 times the width of the container and about 2-3 inches deeper than the original container and set the native soil aside. Sprinkle some Gypsum on the bottom of the hole(according to the instructions) and gently work it into the soil and water it in. Put back about 2-3 inches of the native soil and step on it to compact it. Because our San Diego soil typically lacks organic matter, mix the rest of the native soil that you previously dug with about 1/3 to 1/2 organic soil ammendments. Do not use potting soil! At this time, I also innoculate my mixture of native soil/org ammendments with beneficial bacteria and fungi.
Put about 1-2 inches of the mixed soil into the bottom of the hole and compact the soil by stepping on it. Set your potted tree into the hole to ensure that it is about 1-2 inches above the soil line. Remove the tree from the container and scrape the sides to loosen the roots. If there are a lot of roots completely encircling the bottom, cut away most of the encircling roots. Set the plant into its hole and water the exposed roots with the beneficial microbes/mycorrhizal fungi if you decide to use it. Make sure the tree is straight and backfill the hole with the mixed soil. Use your hands to gently tamp down the soil in the hole. You want to compact the soil but don't overdo it.
Water in your plants with B-1 and Superthrive (according to instructions) and keep it well watered for the next month. If you had to cut away a lot of the roots because your plant was pot bound, you should also remove some of the branches/foliage. I do not recommend transplanting on hot sunny days unless you can provide shade to your trees. Build a birm around your tree with the remaining soil and mulch around the plant.
After about a month, I innoculate the soil with earth/red worms. I like to add worms even though most soils have them already because they tunnel through the soil thus aerating it and also provide worm castings which will help add nutrients to the soil. It has been suggested that the chitinase in worm castings may be taken up by the plants and any plant sucking bugs getting a taste of chitinase will opt for other plants without chitinase.
These are just very general guidelines I follow when planting my trees and I did not go into specifics about the additional steps I include for each variety of tree I'm planting. Always do your homework fist, especially regarding the pH of the soil each particular plant species prefers. Most my trees prefer a soil pH around 6-6.5 so I usually add some peat moss. I also recommend checking your pH every 6 months or so because even if you add acidifying amendments, frequent waterings can wash away much of the acidity.
Sorry about the poor grammar.
Simon