1
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Overhyped avocados
« on: April 08, 2023, 01:22:08 AM »
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2
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Cherimoya seeds as insecticide?
« on: March 17, 2023, 09:58:56 PM »
Pawpaw seed extract was patented for the application of insecticide, I believe.
3
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Illegal or Not?? Mango Scions
« on: March 08, 2023, 03:45:19 AM »
This thread has been really helpful!
Aside from patent, there exists a second route of plant IP protection: the plant variety protection act. If a varietal is registered with the USDA plant variety protection office, it is similarly illegal to propagate this material without the consent of the registered owner. Surprisingly few plants are registered; there are no mangos protected in this way.
https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/plant-variety-protection
As for patent protection, pretty much any form of propagation, including any form of grafting or generation of a clone, is illegal without the owners consent or agreed upon licensing fee. Methods of cloning include (but are probably not limited to):
Planting rhizomes (bits of root)
Taking cuttings (twigs)
Layering
Planting bulbs
Grafting and budding
Division
Using corms
Planting slips
Using runners
Nucellar embryos
Planting apomictic seeds (seeds that don’t go through meiosis)
Therefore, cloning by using a polyembryonic seed is illegal without the consent of the IP holder.
However, if the seedling you generate is not a clone of the parent, then it is not IP protected, and you yourself could patent the new seedling.
https://larsonpatentlaw.com/blog/some-points-about-plant-patents/
Aside from patent, there exists a second route of plant IP protection: the plant variety protection act. If a varietal is registered with the USDA plant variety protection office, it is similarly illegal to propagate this material without the consent of the registered owner. Surprisingly few plants are registered; there are no mangos protected in this way.
https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/plant-variety-protection
As for patent protection, pretty much any form of propagation, including any form of grafting or generation of a clone, is illegal without the owners consent or agreed upon licensing fee. Methods of cloning include (but are probably not limited to):
Planting rhizomes (bits of root)
Taking cuttings (twigs)
Layering
Planting bulbs
Grafting and budding
Division
Using corms
Planting slips
Using runners
Nucellar embryos
Planting apomictic seeds (seeds that don’t go through meiosis)
Therefore, cloning by using a polyembryonic seed is illegal without the consent of the IP holder.
However, if the seedling you generate is not a clone of the parent, then it is not IP protected, and you yourself could patent the new seedling.
https://larsonpatentlaw.com/blog/some-points-about-plant-patents/
4
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: California Super Mango rootstock experiment
« on: January 23, 2023, 01:40:39 AM »
I think I have some data to add here!
I inadvertently did a mango rootstock search (this was not my intention). I got 5 seeds each of ~6 varieties of mango. Of those, about 6 germinated. I kept them inside during the first winter. The second winter, I put them all outside in pots, in a mildly protected location. Only 2 survived, and both of them were monoembryonic seedlings of Edgar. I put them both in the ground in the same spot in the spring, thinking I might do some crazy grafting. One died during transplant. The final Edgar mango is so far holding up very well, despite that most mangoes would be dead by now in this area! For those who dont know, We took some HEAVY rains recently, and mangoes around here seem to die of root rot in the winter. It’s a slow grower, but it looks healthy! Maybe Edgar seedlings are good rootstock for this area?
I inadvertently did a mango rootstock search (this was not my intention). I got 5 seeds each of ~6 varieties of mango. Of those, about 6 germinated. I kept them inside during the first winter. The second winter, I put them all outside in pots, in a mildly protected location. Only 2 survived, and both of them were monoembryonic seedlings of Edgar. I put them both in the ground in the same spot in the spring, thinking I might do some crazy grafting. One died during transplant. The final Edgar mango is so far holding up very well, despite that most mangoes would be dead by now in this area! For those who dont know, We took some HEAVY rains recently, and mangoes around here seem to die of root rot in the winter. It’s a slow grower, but it looks healthy! Maybe Edgar seedlings are good rootstock for this area?
5
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Fruit trees I gave up on
« on: December 30, 2022, 11:17:10 PM »
Bananas! I’ve killed them 3 years in a row. My neighbor had the same experience. Other people somewhat near me seem to make it work, but it’s a bit of a money pit for me. It’s time to try something else.
Mangos. I have tried these quite a lot, and no success. I had 30 seedlings, and 29 have died. The one that is holding out may be good…but if it dies, so will all of my mango efforts.
Garcinia of any kind. I kill all of them. They die from too much sun, too much cold, or sometimes for almost no reason at all. I’m finished with garcinia.
Miracle berries. I had 20 seedlings, and 19 are dead. The last one alive is the one that I gave to my friend, and he found out that they only live if you give them expensive filtered water. Sorry berries, you’re not for me! Palm grass or whale grass works well here!
Yellow dragonfruit. I might be able to keep one alive in just the right spot, but wow they are much more sensitive than other dragon fruits.
Kadsura. I actually have 2 of them going, but I think I won’t enjoy the fruit.
. Let me know if anyone wants to trade locally!
Lychee. I almost tried these, and my local friend has a tree. I read too much about these being difficult to fruit (both amateur and professionally). I decided to give up before starting. Sticking with Kohala longan!
Bromeliads. I’ve killed too many. I’ve told myself that I can now only grow pineapples from the top of the fruit. I don’t lose any money if I kill them. If I can finally fruit one, I’ll try a white pineapple or their bromeliad.
Mangos. I have tried these quite a lot, and no success. I had 30 seedlings, and 29 have died. The one that is holding out may be good…but if it dies, so will all of my mango efforts.
Garcinia of any kind. I kill all of them. They die from too much sun, too much cold, or sometimes for almost no reason at all. I’m finished with garcinia.
Miracle berries. I had 20 seedlings, and 19 are dead. The last one alive is the one that I gave to my friend, and he found out that they only live if you give them expensive filtered water. Sorry berries, you’re not for me! Palm grass or whale grass works well here!
Yellow dragonfruit. I might be able to keep one alive in just the right spot, but wow they are much more sensitive than other dragon fruits.
Kadsura. I actually have 2 of them going, but I think I won’t enjoy the fruit.
. Let me know if anyone wants to trade locally!Lychee. I almost tried these, and my local friend has a tree. I read too much about these being difficult to fruit (both amateur and professionally). I decided to give up before starting. Sticking with Kohala longan!
Bromeliads. I’ve killed too many. I’ve told myself that I can now only grow pineapples from the top of the fruit. I don’t lose any money if I kill them. If I can finally fruit one, I’ll try a white pineapple or their bromeliad.
6
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Interesting "chill hour" experiment in Irvine California
« on: November 13, 2022, 04:42:24 AM »
I finally looked up chilling hours, and I was surprised! There is a range of acceptable chilling hours. Also, if you don't have enough chilling hours, you can get a little chemical help to get some fruit set. From wikipedia:
A four-year study of Ruston Red Alabama peach, which has a threshold of 850 chilling units, demonstrated that a seasonal chilling deficiency of less than 50 units has no effect on harvest. Deficiency of 50 to 100 units may result in loss of up to 50% of expected harvest. Deficiency of 250 hours and more is a sure loss of practically whole harvest; the few fruit will be of very poor quality and have no market value.[7] Rest-breaking agents (e.g. hydrogen cyanamide, trade name BudPro or Dormex), applied in spring, can partially mitigate the effects of insufficient chilling. BudPro can substitute for up to 300 hours of chilling, but an excessive spraying and timing error can easily damage the buds.[7] Other products such as Dormex use stabilizing compounds.
A four-year study of Ruston Red Alabama peach, which has a threshold of 850 chilling units, demonstrated that a seasonal chilling deficiency of less than 50 units has no effect on harvest. Deficiency of 50 to 100 units may result in loss of up to 50% of expected harvest. Deficiency of 250 hours and more is a sure loss of practically whole harvest; the few fruit will be of very poor quality and have no market value.[7] Rest-breaking agents (e.g. hydrogen cyanamide, trade name BudPro or Dormex), applied in spring, can partially mitigate the effects of insufficient chilling. BudPro can substitute for up to 300 hours of chilling, but an excessive spraying and timing error can easily damage the buds.[7] Other products such as Dormex use stabilizing compounds.
7
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Parkinson's in the setting of PawPaw consumption (and other Annonaceaes) article
« on: November 13, 2022, 01:09:37 AM »
OK! I dug out my old notes on this one, and learned a few more things! I really appreciate the discussion on this thread. It's really important for us to know the safety of our hobby 
.
Pomper et al. looked at the toxicity of soursop, cherimoya, pawpaw varietals, peach, and banana: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf9018239. They measured toxicity by finding the amount of extract needed to kill 50% of a brine shrimp population. Among many things, they found:
1) that cherimoya flesh was 100x less toxic than soursop, and is almost as benign as peaches (yay!).
2) that some pawpaws were 100x more toxic than soursop, and that some pawpaws were about as toxic as soursop.
The amount of annonacin in some pawpaws is truly staggering! But, it’s this dramatic figure which likely proves the point that this is rather well tolerated by >99% of the population. A homeowner binge-eating fruit from their pawpaw tree could end up eating ~3lbs of pawpaw in a day (or 3~5 pawpaw fruits). Assuming a typical soursop weighs 6lbs, that’s roughly like eating 50 soursop fruits in a single day! A single tree could yield 30~80 pounds of fruit, so that could amass to eating the equivalent of 500~1300 soursops per tree. That’s a dose higher than eating a full 6lbs of soursop every day *and* drinking the soursop leaf tea every day for a year, but administered all in 1~2 months! If that’s the case, fruit fanatics and pawpaw lovers in the american midwest should be suffering just as much or more than the people of french west indies due to the Indiana banana!
However, there are definitely a small population of people who ARE very strongly affected by this toxin: people with Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Developing this extremely unfortunate condition is mostly strongly linked to genetics. In caucasians, the insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 9 of MAPT is associated with this risk. In Guadeloupe, it's likely some other genetic issue (https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mds.22297). Caparros-Lefebvre found in 2005 that younger people who were diagnosed with PSP greatly diminished their PSP symptoms when they stopped consuming annona products. I don't have access to the original paper, but you can see it on slide 14 here: http://www.pawpaw.kysu.edu/PDF/AcetoUpdate3.pdf.
Since the caucasian farmer in the 2020 paper had been diagnosed with PSP, and likely had the H1 genetic factor, he definitely should not have been consuming annona fruits or products. It's unfortunate that this wasn't more well known! He lived to be 80 years old, which is pretty good, but he could have lived longer. What he likely experienced was a huge surge in symptoms every time he consumed pawpaw. Since symptoms were only observed to diminish in younger people with PSP when stopping annona products, he may have felt a permanent increase in the severity of his symptoms whenever he consumed pawpaw. It's unfortunate that he didn't make the connection that his symptoms got worse when he ate the fruit.
. Pomper et al. looked at the toxicity of soursop, cherimoya, pawpaw varietals, peach, and banana: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf9018239. They measured toxicity by finding the amount of extract needed to kill 50% of a brine shrimp population. Among many things, they found:
1) that cherimoya flesh was 100x less toxic than soursop, and is almost as benign as peaches (yay!).
2) that some pawpaws were 100x more toxic than soursop, and that some pawpaws were about as toxic as soursop.
The amount of annonacin in some pawpaws is truly staggering! But, it’s this dramatic figure which likely proves the point that this is rather well tolerated by >99% of the population. A homeowner binge-eating fruit from their pawpaw tree could end up eating ~3lbs of pawpaw in a day (or 3~5 pawpaw fruits). Assuming a typical soursop weighs 6lbs, that’s roughly like eating 50 soursop fruits in a single day! A single tree could yield 30~80 pounds of fruit, so that could amass to eating the equivalent of 500~1300 soursops per tree. That’s a dose higher than eating a full 6lbs of soursop every day *and* drinking the soursop leaf tea every day for a year, but administered all in 1~2 months! If that’s the case, fruit fanatics and pawpaw lovers in the american midwest should be suffering just as much or more than the people of french west indies due to the Indiana banana!
However, there are definitely a small population of people who ARE very strongly affected by this toxin: people with Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Developing this extremely unfortunate condition is mostly strongly linked to genetics. In caucasians, the insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 9 of MAPT is associated with this risk. In Guadeloupe, it's likely some other genetic issue (https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mds.22297). Caparros-Lefebvre found in 2005 that younger people who were diagnosed with PSP greatly diminished their PSP symptoms when they stopped consuming annona products. I don't have access to the original paper, but you can see it on slide 14 here: http://www.pawpaw.kysu.edu/PDF/AcetoUpdate3.pdf.
Since the caucasian farmer in the 2020 paper had been diagnosed with PSP, and likely had the H1 genetic factor, he definitely should not have been consuming annona fruits or products. It's unfortunate that this wasn't more well known! He lived to be 80 years old, which is pretty good, but he could have lived longer. What he likely experienced was a huge surge in symptoms every time he consumed pawpaw. Since symptoms were only observed to diminish in younger people with PSP when stopping annona products, he may have felt a permanent increase in the severity of his symptoms whenever he consumed pawpaw. It's unfortunate that he didn't make the connection that his symptoms got worse when he ate the fruit.
8
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Parkinson's in the setting of PawPaw consumption (and other Annonaceaes) article
« on: November 01, 2022, 01:34:53 PM »I essentially avoid any Annonaceae for my own consumption, there's not enough research in the metabolism of it in the body, whether or not it can accumulate in the tissues. Similar issues were found with unrelated compound BMAA in cycads and that indeed was bioaccumulating in the bats who in turn gradually poisoned the people. This is ignoring the fact that nerve damage does not repair well in general.
A very big concern I have though is with rotenoids found in a fair few fabids, like Tephrosia, Derris, Amorpha and most concerningly Pachyrhisus (jicama) which I see showing up in the markets lately. And a rare couple non fabids like Verbascum (mullein) and Mirabilis. all these definitely have cumulative nerve damaging effects that effectively DO NOT resolve in your lifespan.
This is fascinating!
9
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Parkinson's in the setting of PawPaw consumption (and other Annonaceaes) article
« on: November 01, 2022, 02:10:14 AM »
I went down the rabbit hole on this a few years ago, and posted my findings. You can find most post if you search for it.
If you look at the incidence rate of Parkinson’s in the population that the document studied, the incidence rate of Parkinson’s on the island is not higher than the incidence rate of Parkinson’s in mainland USA. Therefore, the consumption of annona fruits does not cause Parkinson’s.
HOWEVER, if you do have Parkinson’s, it will make it worse! You will develop a “parkinsonism”, which is a more severe and less treatable version of Parkinson’s. The incidence rate of parkinsonisms in that island is much higher than in mainland USA. That said, there is some evidence that if you stop eating annona, you downgrade back to regular Parkinson’s.
As for how it affects other forms of illness, nobody knows! But, all fruits and veggies make their own insecticides to some degree, so we throw those dice anytime we eat anything plant based.
If you look at the incidence rate of Parkinson’s in the population that the document studied, the incidence rate of Parkinson’s on the island is not higher than the incidence rate of Parkinson’s in mainland USA. Therefore, the consumption of annona fruits does not cause Parkinson’s.
HOWEVER, if you do have Parkinson’s, it will make it worse! You will develop a “parkinsonism”, which is a more severe and less treatable version of Parkinson’s. The incidence rate of parkinsonisms in that island is much higher than in mainland USA. That said, there is some evidence that if you stop eating annona, you downgrade back to regular Parkinson’s.
As for how it affects other forms of illness, nobody knows! But, all fruits and veggies make their own insecticides to some degree, so we throw those dice anytime we eat anything plant based.
10
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Best tasting feijoa ( pineapple guava)variety?
« on: October 10, 2022, 02:56:39 AM »
I've talked with two different people who have and grow all of Albert's Feijoa collection. They all talk about how their family really enjoys them! However, they've both said that they nor their family can taste the difference of the varietals.
I've tasted fruits from a large row of seedling Feijoa. Some are nice, some are bitter.
My takeaway is that the difference between good Feijoa varietals is subtle. Perhaps others would disagree with me, but good Feijoa mostly just tastes like good Feijoa.
I've tasted fruits from a large row of seedling Feijoa. Some are nice, some are bitter.
My takeaway is that the difference between good Feijoa varietals is subtle. Perhaps others would disagree with me, but good Feijoa mostly just tastes like good Feijoa
.
11
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Help filling out a hedge
« on: August 29, 2022, 02:43:04 AM »
Feijoa is rather low water, and generates a very tasty evergreen hedge in a few years.
12
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Introduce the new Variety of longan.
« on: August 29, 2022, 02:39:38 AM »
I am also a bit of a skeptic, but it's exciting if this is real! I know that Zaiger genetics faced similar odds when trying to generate viable hybrids.
13
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: WTB a real Kei Apple "Silber" and a real "Prodigal"
« on: August 24, 2022, 09:28:14 PM »
When I talked with silber, he was annoyed that others were selling his kei apple. However, he didn’t want to sell me one. I don’t think the other nurseries are cutting into his profits! He also refuses to ship.
Marta Matvienko here in the Bay Area planted out several of these, and got one sweet female. She offers it on her website, among many other great scions: https://reallygoodplants.com/
Marta Matvienko here in the Bay Area planted out several of these, and got one sweet female. She offers it on her website, among many other great scions: https://reallygoodplants.com/
14
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: Hapajoesnursery.com is open! Brazil seeds are here Special Duguetia sale!
« on: July 21, 2022, 05:09:19 AM »
I got my seeds from Hapa Joe a couple weeks ago. Thank you!!!
15
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Tropical fruit trees that prefer shade
« on: July 01, 2022, 05:26:03 AM »
Naranjilla
16
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: Customer Review of Keven Jones
« on: June 29, 2022, 04:12:15 PM »
Agreed with everyone! Kevin has been great!
17
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: Join the GGG (grafted grimal giveaway) Contest Over
« on: April 27, 2022, 03:42:46 AM »
Dude, that’s a pretty decent score!
I hope you do smash the next ACT and get into the school you want.
I hope you do smash the next ACT and get into the school you want
.
18
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: Special Sale: Loquat Cuttings (Vista White & KT1-Kosmic)-CLOSED
« on: April 26, 2022, 01:30:22 AM »
Ack! I got a bunch of loquat rootstocks this year just to graft these awesome cultivars on, and I missed getting my order in by a day!
Kaz, thanks for sharing these awesome cultivars for so many years. I'll have to sleuth around for some other great scions!
Kaz, thanks for sharing these awesome cultivars for so many years
. I'll have to sleuth around for some other great scions!
19
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Wampee cultivars
« on: September 25, 2021, 01:19:32 PM »
From searching the posts here, it seems that the 'yeem pay' varietal is absolutely amazing! The next most talked about varietal is chicken heart/guy sahm/Chi Hsin, and I've seen people describe it as OK tasting, but spicy and smaller. Unfortunately, yeem pay seems to be completely unavailable in the USA.
Are there any other great tasting varietals out there?
Are there any other great tasting varietals out there?
20
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Has anyone fruited a marula tree in the USA?
« on: September 12, 2021, 03:53:42 AM »
I see several people growing marula, but I see only very few people who have successfully fruited their marula. It seems that seedling trees want to be HUGE before they finally set fruit, as shown by EvilFruit's successful marula: https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=192.0;all. I definitely don't have enough real-estate to let any of my trees grow this big, so the barrier to entry for me is too high.
However, grafting a branch from a fruited tree onto a seedling rootstock will give a fruiting plant at what appears to be ~2m tall after 3 years (see figure 2.6 http://www.secheresse.info/spip.php?article11527). I can definitely grow that!
The only fruited marula in the USA that I know of is the infamous fruit & spice park marula, and I have yet to see a favorable review of the fruit on that tree.
However, grafting a branch from a fruited tree onto a seedling rootstock will give a fruiting plant at what appears to be ~2m tall after 3 years (see figure 2.6 http://www.secheresse.info/spip.php?article11527). I can definitely grow that!
The only fruited marula in the USA that I know of is the infamous fruit & spice park marula, and I have yet to see a favorable review of the fruit on that tree.
21
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: For Sale: Five 3 Gallon Luc's Mexican Garcinia (Limoncillo)
« on: July 20, 2021, 12:54:47 AM »
Thank you for your post!!! I lost a lot of Luc's, and it's comforting that others have had the same experience.
22
Tropical Fruit Discussion / Re: Your weapon of choice?
« on: July 13, 2021, 03:05:50 AM »
I occasionally use my victorinox grafting knife, but I've found that a wood chisel gets a much more controlled wedge cut on the scion. For the rootstock, gardening shears tend to get a much straighter cut than I can with my grafting knife.
23
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: Bangkok Lemon Jackfruit Fresh Seeds Available
« on: July 13, 2021, 02:51:22 AM »
I got my seeds. Thank you!
24
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: WTB: Green Sapote seeds
« on: July 13, 2021, 02:49:45 AM »25
Tropical Fruit Buy, Sell & Trade / Re: WTB: Arcadian or Silber Kei Apple
« on: July 08, 2021, 04:41:55 AM »
I've never tasted one, but Silber down at papaya tree nursery has a named varietal (Arcadian) that is supposed to be easy to enjoy. The 'Silber' varietal sold at exotica was likely the same. He told me that he and his dad selected it for propagation many years ago. He unfortunately seems uninterested in propagating it anymore 
. He is discontinuing many plants, and this one seems to be on the chopping block.
. He is discontinuing many plants, and this one seems to be on the chopping block.
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