For garcinia species, roblack is right, I've had garcinia intermedia (lemon drop) seedlings fruit after just going into 7gal containers and about 3.5 ft tall. Brasiliensis seedlings more about 4-5ft, 7gal to 15gal size. Charichuelo seedlings more like 7-8ft and 25gal.
You can fruit any species fairly quickly in a container if you have stock to graft on and can source compatible budwood from a fruiting tree.
Another good garcinia for containers is garcinia prainiana (cherapu). But I would not consider them to be a "beginner" species because the seeds need to be fairly fresh, you need to have male and female trees, they're pretty slow going, and you're still looking at 4-8ft tall, 25gal size trees before they're ready to flower and show their sex. They're also cold and sun sensitive. They like warmth, humidity, and semi shade. But the fruit is amazing and compared to purple mangosteen seedlings, which generally need to be about 10-12ft tall and much older to start producing fruit, they're easier.