Citrus > Cold Hardy Citrus
Table of citrus cold hardiness and %zygotic seed
a_Vivaldi:
Note: %zygotic and hardiness values are not absolute. Zygotic and nucellar seedlings are strongly influenced by the pollen donor and may be influenced by environmental variables as well. Hardiness is even more variable. Hardiness is affected by factors such as duration of the cold event, rootstock, humidity, windspeed, exposure, solar radiation, etc. Winter hardiness is also highly dependent on full dormancy and properly hardened off plant material. Periods of warmth preceding a freeze can drastically reduce cold hardiness, and less mature plant material is considerably more susceptible to damage. Lastly, the values below assume mature plants, juvenile or otherwise small plants are not as hardy. For climates, as a rule of thumb, plants the southeast USA are more prone to not being fully dormant, but freezes are generally short duration, often only a few hours, so the absolute lows that plants will survive may be several degrees colder than in other climates, whereas plants in the pacific northwest and in Europe are more likely to be properly dormant, but cold events generally last longer and night to day temperatures might not be much different. In both climates, plants can easily be killed by temperatures above their technical cold hardiness limit, in the southeast this is often due to plants not fully entering or having broken dormancy prior to a freeze, and in the PNW and Europe due to freezing temperatures lasting for extended periods of time (pretty much any edible citrus plants will be damaged or killed by four or five days continuously below 30 F, or by three weeks of sunny 70 F weather followed by a night of 30 F).
Variety % zygotic Cold hardiness Parentage source(s) 1584 10-20 5* Low? 5 10 F 54-1-2 High Similar to Satsumas Screening Citrus Hybrids for Cold Hardiness, Youg and Hearn, USDA 1972 African Shaddock x Poncitrus Low Benton Citrange 2 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Bishop Citrandarin High? 5 F US-852 C-146 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html C-22 bitters 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html C-35 10-20 Less hardy than other citranges https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html C-54 Carpenter 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html C-57 Furr 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Calamandarin 15 F https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=19167.0 Calamondin Low http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony Carrizo 0-10 Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata https://citrusrootstocks.org/ Changsha Low 6 - 10 F c. reticulata http://www.mckenzie-farms.com/photo.htm, http://citrusgrowersstatic.chez.com/web/viewtopic843e.php, Screening Citrus Hybrids for Cold Hardiness, Youg and Hearn, USDA 1972 CiClem 10 10 F Citron 100 Upper twenties at best http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony citrus glauca 100 15 - 20 F Citrus maxima 100 25 F Clementine 100 20 F Clem-Yuz 2-2 8 - 10 F ClemYuz 3-3 10 - 12 F Clementine x Yuzu Cleopatra mandarin 0-1 C. reticulata https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Dancy Mandarin Low 20 - 25 F Screening Citrus Hybrids for Cold Hardiness, Youg and Hearn, USDA 1972 Dimicelli Low 5 - 10 F Dunstan Low 0F? trifoliata × paradisi https://jcra.ncsu.edu/horticulture/our-plants/results-by-name-serial-number.php?serial=117972 Ellendale 100 20 F Eremolemon Low 13 - 20 F c. glauca x Meyer or c. glauca x paradisii http://hardycitrus.blogspot.com/2014/01/cold-hardiness-table_13.html Flying dragon 10 - 50 -15 F -5F https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Freemont 37 c. reticulata https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285650439_Identification_of_Zygotic_and_Nucellar_Individuals_Produced_from_Several_Citrus_Crosses_Using_SSRs_Markers/fulltext/57bd7a8e08ae37ee394b9c20/Identification-of-Zygotic-and-Nucellar-Individuals-Produced-from-Several-Citrus-Crosses-Using-SSRs-Markers.pdf Glen citrangedin 10 F Goutou 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Ichange lemon Low 15 - 20 F http://www.mckenzie-farms.com/photo.htm Ichange Papeda 100 0 - 5 F c. ichangensis Ichangquat 6-7-2 100 5 F Imperial 90 c. reticulata https://www.publish.csiro.au/an/EA9960731 Juanita Tangerine 10 F https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=19167.0 Keraji High? 6 - 15 F c. reticulata http://citrusgrowersstatic.chez.com/web/viewtopice38a.php, http://citrusgrowersstatic.chez.com/web/viewtopic843e.php Kinkoji 14 15 F C. reticulata https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html, http://www.mckenzie-farms.com/photo.htm Kishu Low 25-32 F c. reticulata https://madisoncitrusnursery.com, http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#monotypes, http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony Kuharske 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Meiwa Kumquat Low 10 - 15 F c. japonica Meyer Lemon 100 18 - 22 F c. limonia x c reticulata http://www.agrumes-passion.com/viewtopic.php?f=52&t=301&start= Miyagawa Low c. reticulata https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285650439_Identification_of_Zygotic_and_Nucellar_Individuals_Produced_from_Several_Citrus_Crosses_Using_SSRs_Markers/fulltext/57bd7a8e08ae37ee394b9c20/Identification-of-Zygotic-and-Nucellar-Individuals-Produced-from-Several-Citrus-Crosses-Using-SSRs-Markers.pdf Morton Citrange Low 5 F https://hardycitrus.blogspot.com/2013/12/morton-citrange.html Nagami Kumquat High c. japonica Nansho Daidai 30 5 - 10 F c. taiwanica https://hardycitrus.blogspot.com New Zealand Grapefruit/Poorman orange 100 New Zealand Lemonaid 16 F Nippon Orangequat Low 10-12 F Meiwa kumquat x satsuma Owari and similar satsumas Low 12-15 F c. reticulata http://www.mckenzie-farms.com/photo.htm Palestine lime Low http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony Prague Citsuma NA 1 F https://hardycitrus.blogspot.com/2020/02/prague-citsuma.html Procimequat Low Rangpur lime Low 15-20 F c. limonia x c reticulata http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony Robinson 31 20 - 25 F c. reticulata https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285650439_Identification_of_Zygotic_and_Nucellar_Individuals_Produced_from_Several_Citrus_Crosses_Using_SSRs_Markers/fulltext/57bd7a8e08ae37ee394b9c20/Identification-of-Zygotic-and-Nucellar-Individuals-Produced-from-Several-Citrus-Crosses-Using-SSRs-Markers.pdf, Screening Citrus Hybrids for Cold Hardiness, Youg and Hearn, USDA 1972 Rough lemon 10-20 Mid to upper twenties https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Rusk citrange 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Sacaton Citrumelo 50 SanCitChange #10 Roundleaf 10? Changsha x Sanford citrange https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=19167.0 Sandford Curafora Moderate 10 - 17 F F2 Sandford Citrange Seville sour orange Low 12-15 F c. aurantium https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=19167.0 Shekwasha mandarin 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Smooth Flat Seville 59 15 F c. aurantium https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Sudachi Low 15 F https://madisoncitrusnursery.com Sun Chu Sha mandarin 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Sunquat 15 F Meiwa kumquat x clementine Sweet Oranges Low 20 - 25 http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony Swingle 10-20 10 F Citrus paradisi × P. trifoliata https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/ Taitri 0 - 5 F c. taiwanica x p. trifoliata http://hardycitrus.blogspot.com/2014/01/cold-hardiness-table_13.html Temple Tangor 100 Upper twenties at best Thomasville Low 5 - 10 F Willits citrange x nagami kumquat Thomasville citrangequant Low 5 - 10 F http://www.mckenzie-farms.com/photo.htm Trifoliate orange 10-20 -15 F https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html True grapefruits 0 20-25 F http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony True lemons 0 Upper twenties at best http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony True limes 0 Upper twenties at best http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#embryony UFR-1 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-15 50-90 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-16 50-90 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-17 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-2 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-4 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-5 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html UFR-6 10-20 Citrus reticulata ‘Changsha’ × P. trifoliata ‘English Large’ https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html, https://www.houzz.com/discussions/5002069/us-852-hardy-citrandarin Ugli 100 Upper twenties at best Umatillo High Upper twenties at best Screening Citrus Hybrids for Cold Hardiness, Youg and Hearn, USDA 1972 US SuperSour1 100 C. grandis ‘Hirado Buntan sdlg’ × C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/ US SuperSour2 100 P. trifoliata × (Citrus aurantium × Citrus ichangensis) https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/ US-119 15 F (Poncirus trifoliate x Citrus paradisi)xCitrus sinensis US-1279 100 More hardy than US-1281 C. reticulata ‘Changsha’ × P. trifoliata ‘Gotha Road’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/, https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=30891.475 US-1281 100 C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ × P. trifoliata ‘Gotha Road’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/ US-1282 100 Less hardy than US-1281 C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ × P. trifoliata ‘Gotha Road’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/, https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=30891.475 US-1283 0-10 C. reticulata ‘Ninkat’ × P. trifoliata ‘Gotha Road’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/ US-1284 0-10 5 F C. reticulata ‘Ninkat’ × P. trifoliata ‘Gotha Road’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/, https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=43545.0 US-1516 30-40 C. grandis ‘African’ × P. trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/ US-802 0-10 Citrus grandis ‘Siamese’ × P. trifoliata ‘Gotha Road’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/ US-812 10-20 C. reticulata ‘Sunki’ × P. trifoliata ‘Benecke’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/ US-852 40-70 5-10 F Citrus reticulata ‘Changsha’ × P. trifoliata ‘English Large’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/rootstock-cultivars/ US-897 0-10 Less hardy than swingle C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ × P. trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon' https://citrusrootstocks.org/, https://tropicalfruitforum.com/index.php?topic=45140.0 US-942 0-10 C. reticulata ‘Sunki’ × P. trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ https://citrusrootstocks.org/ Ventura lemandarin Low? 11 F https://hardycitrus.blogspot.com Volkamer lemon 2 Poor https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Wheeny Grapefruit 100 Wilking 100 20 F x-639 10-20 https://crec.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/citrus_rootstock/tables.html Yuzu Low 10-15 F http://www.mckenzie-farms.com/photo.htm, http://citruspages.free.fr/classification.php#monotypes Yuzuquat 7 - 10 F Yuzu x Nagami kumquat http://hardycitrus.blogspot.com/2014/01/cold-hardiness-table_13.html
a_Vivaldi:
Corrections and additions highly encouraged.
caladri:
Throwing this into a shared Google Sheet or an online Excel spreadsheet would probably be super useful!
Ilya11:
In my experience the proportion of zygotic seeds in partially nucellar varieties also depends on the pollinizator.
orangedays:
It would be nice for the forum to build a chart like this. It would be super useful. One thing that I wonder when people talk about cold hardy. What does cold hardy mean to them? No damage, some damage, roots survived and regrew? From what I read there is also difference in estimates of cold hardiness in different environments. Europe, East vs West US etc. So you may want an additional column for different geographic regions, but that might thin out the data too much.
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