I'm not sure why the genetic cause is, but it is always seedless even when cross-pollinated. I have three Nordmann trees plus fifty other flowering citrus including a regular Nagami and I have eaten thousands of Nordmann fruit over the years and never found a single seed.
EDIT- it was a seedling, not a limb mutation
from UCR site:
Parentage/origins(DK): George Otto Nordmann discovered the variety now known as ‘Nordmann Seedless’ on a Nagami seedling tree planted in 1965 in DeLand, about 20 miles southwest of Daytona Beach. This was one of many citrus seedlings which he grew in order to obtain virus-free budwood. “He grew seedlings of Nagami, and when they fruited he saw that one of the trees had fruit that was seedless,” said Bill Nordmann in 2003.